Analysis of Age wise Difference in Signs and Symptoms of Various Types of Strokes-Observational Study

Abstract

Purpose of the Study: Stroke is a major global health challenge, ranking second only to heart disease in terms of mortality and posing a growing burden of morbidity and disability. Understanding how stroke symptoms vary by sex and age can aid in early recognition and prompt treatment, potentially reducing prehospital delays and improving patient outcomes. This prospective observational study aimed to assess the prevalence of stroke and disability post-stroke among patients aged 25-55 years. Additionally, it sought to gauge the initial understanding of stroke signs, symptoms, and risk factors among patients arriving at the emergency department (ED) with this condition. Methods: The observational study was conducted at Krishna Hospital of Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad, India, from August 2023 to October 2023. Patients diagnosed with stroke, aged 25-55 years, and possessing sufficient cognitive and communicative ability were included. Data collection included demographic information, stroke symptoms, stroke subtype, and associated risk factors. Results: Of 250 cases of stroke, 76 occurred at patient home, 82 occurred during acute hospitalization for another diagnosis, 92 occurred or were first evaluated at a medical facility other than an emergency room setting, the age range of 250 stroke patients was from 25to 55years with mean & SD of 41.35±10.66 years with median age of 44years. There were 171(68.4%) males and 79(31.6%) females. Among included cases, 61% were ischemic strokes, 39% were hemorrhagic strokes (intracerebral or subarachnoid). Youngest patient in the whole of the study group was 26 years old while the oldest patient in the study group was 53 years old. Conclusion: This study highlights the varied presentation of stroke symptoms across different age groups. For individuals aged 25-55, generalized weakness is the predominant symptom of ischemic stroke across all age ranges. However, specific signs vary by age. In the 25-35 group, symptoms include weakness, vomiting, and visual disturbances. Ages 36-45 commonly experience headache, weakness, and fainting. For those 46-55, signs may include facial dropping, fainting, difficulty writing, loss of consciousness, and vomiting. Many people overlook these symptoms due to a lack of awareness. In hemorrhagic stroke, those aged 25-35 typically exhibit vomiting, nausea, and headache; ages 36-45 show similar symptoms, while ages 46-55 commonly experience vomiting, numbness, and weakness.