Exploring Oxazole-Derived Heterocycles: Synthesis Strategies and Diverse Biological Activities for Potential Therapeutic Applications

Abstract

This study aimed to systematically synthesize oxazole-based heterocycles and evaluate their biological activities, focusing on antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. The methodology involved targeted molecule design, meticulous chemical synthesis, comprehensive characterization, and biological evaluation.For molecule design, distinct structural features were incorporated to optimize potential biological activities. Chemical synthesis employed condensation and cyclization reactions, optimized for high yields and purity. Characterization techniques including NMR, IR, and MS confirmed compound structures. Biological evaluation encompassed in vitro assays for antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. Results revealed Compound C, Diphenyloxazole, exhibited superior performance across all categories, demonstrating notable efficacy in antimicrobial (18 mm inhibition zones), anticancer (65% inhibition), and anti-inflammatory (75% inhibition) activities.Compound A, Oxazotril, displayed robust performance with antimicrobial (22 mm), anticancer (78% inhibition), and anti-inflammatory (85% inhibition) activities. Compound B, Heteroxylenol, showed considerable effectiveness with antimicrobial (20 mm), anticancer (72% inhibition), and anti-inflammatory (80% inhibition) activities.Overall, this study provides a systematic methodology for synthesizing oxazole-based heterocycles and assessing their biological activities. The results underscore the potential therapeutic value of these compounds, with implications for the development of novel agents for combating various diseases.