The Association Between Cytokines (IFN-Γ and IL-4) Gene Polymorphisms and Clinical Manifestations of Β-Thalassemia in Iraqi Patients

Abstract

This study examined the relationship between genetic polymorphisms in two cytokine genes, IFN-γ and IL-4, and β-thalassemia in the Iraqi population. The study included 50 patients with β-thalassemia and 30 healthy controls. Most companies have not shown any significant variations in age or gender distribution. Scientists examined the specific location (A/T UTR 5644) within the IFN-γ gene. Individuals with the heterozygous (AT) and homozygous (AA) genotypes for this genetic variant were more common than the control group. The genotypes were associated with an increased prevalence of β-thalassemia. The allele A of the IFN-γ gene became more prevalent in patients, suggesting it as a risk factor. The study examined a polymorphism in the IL-4 gene referred to as IL-4 (T/C). Patients having the homozygous genotype (TT) for this polymorphism were more numerous than the control group. This genotype is closely associated with an increased incidence of β-thalassemia. The prevalence of the IL-4 gene allele T increased in patients, raising the risk of β-thalassemia. The heterozygous genotype (TC) showed a trend towards improved hazard but did not reach statistical significance. Research indicates that specific genetic variations (polymorphisms) in the IFN-γ and IL-4 genes are associated with an increased risk of β-thalassemia in Iraqi patients. The insights could be a valuable resource in understanding disease progression and shaping future personalized treatment strategies.