A Review on Energy Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of numerous resource-limited sensors that monitor their environment, gather data, and transmit it to remote servers for analysis. Despite their adaptability as ad-hoc networks, managing WSNs poses significant challenges due to their large scale deployment and critical quality considerations including resource allocation, scalability, and reliability. Energy efficiency is paramount in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) due to the resource-constrained nature of sensor nodes. This review explores key strategies and advancements aimed at enhancing energy efficiency within WSNs. Communication protocols like energy-efficient routing and data aggregation methods are discussed for minimizing energy consumption during data transmission. The review also highlights recent advances in energy harvesting technologies and machine learning applications to optimize energy consumption dynamically. Ultimately, the review underscores the importance of ongoing research efforts in achieving sustainable and resilient WSN deployments across various applications.